Bioresonance Bicom | Scientific Studies for BICOM Resonance Therapy Scientific Bioresonance Studies

Scientific Studies for BICOM Resonance-Therapy

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Publisher: Institut for Regulative Medizin

Content

1) Tests on the transduction of acetic acid information via an electronic amplifier (in-vitro-study)

2) Transfer of molecular information using a bioresonance instrument (BICOM) in amphibian trials (controlled blind study, in-vivo study)

3) Bioresonance Therapy corrects the immunodeficiency of Chernobyl mice (in-vivo study)
4) Biological EMFs cause considerable changes in the viability of the heat shock treated chrysalises of Drosophila melanogaster (in-vivo study)
5) Prospective ransomised study to check the results of treatment using endogenous electromagnetic fields, in the case of slight liver cell damage (clinical human study)

Erfahrungsheilkunde Acta medica empirica Journal for medical practice

Offprint (EHK7/1998)

Tests on the transduction of acetic acid information via an electronic amplifier

Peter Kreisl

Summary

The transfer of bioenergetic information facilitates a new scientific approach to the specialist area of biology, in particular methods of medical diagnosis and therapy. This paper demonstrates that, by transferring acetic acid information to inorganic salt solutions by means of an electronic amplifier, the phsyco-chemical properties of the solutions informed in this way are subject to significant and measurable changes. The effect of information transfer can be detected in three different experimental test parameters.

The pH of the informed inorganic salt solutions decreases slightly but significantly. Killian photographs of droplets of untreated and informed samples show very impressive differences with regard to corona intensity and strength (intensity and length) of the transmitted radiation. This indicates that the density of free charge carriers increases in the treated samples.

On drying the inorganic salt solutions, crystals were obtained and analysed under an electron microscope. This showed that crystals from informed samples showed a pronounced tendency to larger crystal sizes and extended agglomerates, depending on the amplification of the transferred acetic acid information.

Key words:

Bioenergetic information transfer, bioresonance, inorganic salt solutions, pH, crystallisation behaviour, Kirlian photography, electron microscopy.

Introduction

The currently generally accepted principle of therapy for treating almost all diseases is based on the assumption of appropriate active substance/receptor interactions and the changes triggered by these in biochemical processes.

Energetic regulatory principles, such as underlie e.g. acupuncture, homeopathy and bioresonance therapy, are still largely overlooked in the biochemically oriented model of living organisms.

Although important diagnostic methods are based on electromagnetism, and thus the energetic properties of living organisms, such as e.g. EEG, ECG, EMG, computer tomography and the so-called SQUID magnetometer, only bone diseases [1] and certain forms of epilepsy [2] are treated with electromagnetic fields to any real extent.

This is all the more surprising because extensive experimental results are now available which, on the one hand prove the physiological basis of the natural philosophical way of looking at the phenomenon known as disease and, on the other hand, demonstrate the connection between the energetic regulatory systems postulated in this approach and the electromagnetic properties of a wide variety of organisms, using the methods of modern western natural science [3-7].

The current work is part of more than three year’s research activity at the Institute for Regulatory Medicine into the scientific basis of BICOM resonance therapy [8-10]. The experimental data were obtained within the context of a degree dissertation for the Faculty of Electrotechnology at the University of Ljubljana by N. Rojko Vuga, supervised by Prof Dr. A. Jeglic.

Methods

Measurement area

The experiments were performed in an electronically shielded and sound-proof laboratory at the Faculty of Electrotechnology at the University of Ljubljana, Institute Josef Stefan, using two BICOM instruments in parallel.

Reagents

Extremely pure acetic acid; deionised ultrapure water as solvent for the inorganic salt solutions;

Stock solutions: 0.035 M Na2CO3

0.035 M CaC12 10 ppm FeC1₂ 10 ppm ZnCl₂ 10 ppm CuCl

Composition of the inorganic salt solutions:

Sample 1

2.5 ml water, 1.25 ml sodium carbonate stock solution, 1.25 ml calcium chloride stock solution.

Sample 2

0.7 ml water, 1.8 ml iron(II) chloride, 1.25 ml Na₂CO₃ solution, 1.25 ml CaC12 solution.

Sample 3

1.0 ml water, 1.5 ml zinc chloride solution, 1.25 ml Na₂CO3 solution, 1.25 ml CaCl2 solution

Sample 4

0.9 ml water, 1.6 ml CuC1 solution, 1.25 ml Na₂CO3 solution, 1.25 ml CaC1₂ solution.

Equipment

Two BICOM instruments, from Regumed GmbH, Grafeling

Drying the samples

Drying chamber SB 11: electronically controlled. The sample droplets were dried on a microscope slide at 70°C, relative humidity 40%, for one hour.

A pH meter MA 5750 ISKRA with an accuracy off 0.01 was used for measuring the pH.

Bioplasma detector for Kirlian photography: electrical strength 1, discharge time 10 sec, at frequency transmission 30 Hz.

Electron microscopy

A JEOL JSM 5800 electron microscope combined with a PC and printer were used for analysing the crystal structures. Magnification: 2000x.

Performing the tests

All samples and reference solutions were stored in air-tight, sealed 5 ml cells (glass). To transfer the electromagnetic information from acetic acid (HOAc), a sealed cell containing HOAc was placed in the input cup (brass: alloy MS 63) of the BICOM instrument. Each of the test substances was placed in the output cup made of the same material. The reference samples (untreated samples) were also placed in an applicator cup alongside the same instrument. However, this applicator cup was not connected to the BICOM. Information transfer from HOAc to the test samples was performed in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 150 kHz (treatment type A) with amplification factors 0.1, 1, 15 and 30, for 10 minutes each.

After completing information transfer, the pHs of the sample solutions and reference solutions were determined. This measurement was repeated one hour later. Kirlian photographs were then taken of a droplet of sample or of untreated reference sample. For electron microscopic analysis of the crystal structure, 15 pi of each of the solutions was pipetted onto a microscope slide and dried.

Results

1=4

Determination of the pH of the treated solutions as compared with untreated inorganic salt solutions showed a slight, but clearly measurable, decrease in pH. As shown in table 1, treated samples 1 and 2 showed a clear decrease in pH which depended on the amplification (A = 30 and A = 64) of 0.06/0.07 and 0.12/0.21. In order to definitely exclude a thermal effect, samples 1 and 2 were subjected to an external (artificial)

rP•4 50 Hz alternating field with a magnetic field strength B = 10 mT for 10 minutes. The
samples tested then produced a pH decrease of only 0.02 each.

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Table 1: Decrease in pH of alkaline inorganic salt solutions due to transfer of acetic acid information

Type of treatment Sample 1 Sample 2

A, amplification 30 9.90 9.78

A, amplification 64 9.84 9.64

untreated 9.96 9.35

ea)

The images from Kirlian photography are shown in figures 1 to 9. As can be seen, the treated inorganic salt solutions are characterised by an impressively increased radiation density in the corona and wide-ranging transmitted radiation, depending on the amplification applied when transferring the HOAc information. The importance of this drastic change in the appearance of the energetically treated inorganic salt solutions can be acknowledged at the present only as a real phenomenon.

In order to find out whether the energetic effects of the HOAc information, in the

sense of a perturbation in the crystallisation behaviour of the treated mineral salt 0…., solutions, can still be detected in the solid aggregate state, the samples and reference solutions were crystallised under controlled conditions and measured under an electron microscope.

A representative selection of electron microscope images is given in figures 10 to 15. f., Alongside each image at a magnification of 2000x is an overview image at a
magnification of 200x, in order to document the uniformity of the preparation.

Pm,

It can be seen from the figures that the effect of the transferred HOAc information also influences the number and habit of the crystals obtained from the sample solutions.

Fig. 10 shows untreated sample 1. Here, the largest crystals have an edge length of
about 6 gm. The surfaces of the crystals are rough and crystallisation is incomplete.

Fig. 11 shows crystals of sample 1 after treatment with HOAc information in the frequency range 10 Hz to 150 Hz, amplification 0.1. The crystals here are substantially larger (10 p,m) and are associated into agglomerates. At an amplification of 30 (fig. 12), the tendency to agglomerate increases greatly. Furthermore, in addition to the large crystals, a large number of small cubes can be seen.

Similar behaviour can be seen in the case of sample 14 (figs. 13 to 15). Here again, the tendency to larger crystals and increasing production of agglomerates can be seen. These variations were also found for samples 2 and 3 cum grano salis, although the images are not reproduced here.

Accurate determination of fine structural changes in the crystal preparations (X-ray structural analysis) was not possible due to the small amounts of the samples.

References

(Mg
MEI

Dr. rer. nat. Peter Kreisl, Dall-Armi-Strasse 21 D-85435 Erding

Fig. 1 Kirlian photograph of untreated sample 1

Fig. 2 Sample 1 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 150 kHz for 10 min,

amplification 1

Fig. 3 Sample 1 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 150 kHz for 10 min, amplification 30

FOR Fig. 4 Kirlian photograph of untreated sample 2

Fig. 5 Sample 2 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 150 kHz for 10 min,

amplification 1

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Fig. 6 Sample 2 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 150 kHz for 10 min, amplification 30

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Fig. 7 Kirlian photograph of untreated sample 4

p.m

Fig. 8 Sample 4 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 150 kHz for 10 min,

amplification 1

Fig. 9 Sample 4 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 150 kHz for 10 min, amplification 30

Fig. 10 Electron microscope image of untreated sample 1

Fig. 11 Sample 1 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 15 kHz, amplification 0.1 Fig. 12 Sample 1 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 15 kHz, amplification 30 Fig. 13 Electron microscope image of untreated sample 4

Fig. 14 Sample 4 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 15 kHz, amplification 1

Fig. 15 Sample 4 treated with HOAc information, 10 Hz — 15 kHz, amplification 30

430 Originalia Untersuchungen zur Transduktion EHK 7/1998

Abb. 1: Kirlianphotographie Abb. 2: Probe 1 behandelt mit HOAc-Informa- Abb. 3: Probe 1 behandelt mit HOAc-Informa-

. der unbehandelten Probe 1 tion 10 Hz-150 kHz fur 10 Min., Verstarkung 1 tion 10 Hz-150 kHz fur 10 Min., Verstarkung 30

Abb. 4: Kirlianphotographie Abb. 5: Probe 2 behandelt mit HOAc-Informa Abb. 6: Probe 2 behandelt mit HOAc-Informa-

der unbehandelten Probe 2 tion 10 Hz-150 kHz fiir 10 Min., Verstarkung 1 lion 10 Hz-150 kHz fur 10 Min., Verstarkung 30

Abb. 7: Kirlianphotographie Abb. 8: Probe 4 behandelt mit HOAc-Informa Abb. 9: Probe 4 behandelt mit HOAc-Informa-

der unbehandelten Probe 4 tion 10 Hz-150 kHz kir 10 Min., Verstarkung 1 tion 10 Hz-150 kHz fur 10 Min., Verstarkung 30

432 Originalia Untersuchungen zur Transduktion EHK 7/1998

Abb. 10: Elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der unbehandelten Probe 1

Abb. 11: Probe 1 behandelt mit HOAc-Information 10 Hz-150 kHz, Verstarkung 0,1

Abb. 12: Probe 1 behandelt mit HOAc-Information 10 Hz-150 kHz, Verstarkung 30

EHK 7/1998 For more information visit HirEOPOrrYAdR9E1 433

Abb. 13: Elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme der unbehandelten Probe 4

Erfahrungsheilkunde
Acta medica empirica
Journal for medical practice

Offprint (vol. 44, issue no. 3/1995)

Transfer of molecular information
using a bioresonance instrument (BICOM)
in amphibian trials
(controlled blind study)

By: P.C. Endler, M. Citro, W. Pongratz, C.W. Smith, C. Vinattieri, F. Senekowitsch

Summary

Two independent double-blind studies, performed in Austria and Italy, demonstrated that bioinformation can be scanned and transferred by a bioresonance instrument (BICOM). The metamorphosis of tadpoles could be greatly slowed down by

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transferring information from a toxic solution of the hormone thyroxin to the aquarium water in a number of parallel trials.

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Key words

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Molecular information, bioresonance instrument, BICOM, amphibia, metamorphosis

“The metamorphosis of tadpoles can be slowed down by the transfer of information from a highly concentrated hormone solution”

Introduction

Thyroxin and the metamorphosis of tadpoles

The tests discussed in this paper are based on the generally known fact that the hormone thyroxin plays an essential part in the metamorphosis of amphibia. The transformation from fish-like tadpoles to land-based, four-legged frogs is generally initiated and promoted by this iodine-containing hormone which is generated in the thyroid gland [1]. On the other hand, if thyroxin is introduced into aquarium water in a

high molecular concentration (e.g. log 6 parts by weight or above), then

metamorphosis is slower or even stops altogether.

Two possibilities for scanning information from thyroxin molecules

Our preliminary tests on scanning the information from thyroxin molecules were performed in two areas. On the one hand this involved the ‘homeopathic’ method of stepwise dilution and agitation of a highly concentrated, that is metamorphosis-inhibiting, stock solution; here the thyroxin-bonded information from the thyroxin molecule was scanned by using the Hahnemann method. In another stage, this information was also digitalised (F. Senekowitsch et al.).

On the other hand, the preliminary tests used electronic scanning of this type of solution using the bioresonance method.

P=1

Retaining the thyroxin effect without the thyroxin molecule

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These two methods produced the interesting finding that the effect of concentrated

molecular thyroxin (log 3, slowing of metamorphosis) can be retained by both procedures, evidently independently of the thyroxin molecules.

PPR

Strategy

PP1

The strategy of the project (1989-1995) was first to describe the methods and results from the preliminary study, in scientifically recognised publications. This was done, in particular for the homeopathic method, in a conventional toxicological journal [2] and within the context of a book published by a highly regarded scientific publisher [3, 4], and for both methods within the context of a conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science [5]. Furthermore, the hypotheses derived from the

bioresonance preliminary study were communicated to the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, FASEB, the American Association for Experimental Biology. A corresponding announcement was published by this association in the Spring of 1993 [6]. The route to a major study, be it positive or negative, was thus prepared.

Following this, we were offered the opportunity of performing this type of major study using a BICOM instrument.

The study described in this paper was designed as basic research and should be understood to be simply that. It investigated whether the scanning and transfer of bioinformation using this instrument was possible. Direct therapeutic conclusions should not be made at this point.

General information about the BICOM instrument

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The BICOM instrument (BriAgemarm Co.) includes a diagnostic section for measuring the electrical dermal resistance at acupuncture points, wherein the dermal resistance is given as a standardised value on an analogue scale. Furthermore, it also includes a

therapy section; the work presented here used only this therapy section.

_Pa. This therapy section is intended to receive and amplifil bioinformation by means of a
direct current amplifier.

According to the information from the manufacturers, these signals can be switched as required between 10 Hz and 150 kHz with a selective bandpass sweep, by a combination of amplification, signal inversion and filtering. If bandpass filtering is not used, a frequency range up to more than 1 MHz is transmitted. The signal output can be used in the sense of bio-feedback, or to pass preselected bioinformation to a patient or to pass bioinfonnation to a substance such as water.

The preliminary study

In the preliminary study, the transfer of information from a 1.25 mM thyroxin solution to water using an electronic amplifier was tested (see below for details; Methods). The effect of this test liquid on the transformation of two-legged to four-legged tadpoles of Rana temporalia and also on juvenile frogs was then investigated

[see also 7] (fig. 1).

144 animals were subjected to water to which the information from a 1.25 mM thyroxin solution had been transferred and 144 animals were subjected to water to which the information from water alone had been transferred.

A slowing of the rate of metamorphosis was observed under the effect of the test liquid as compared with the controls. This was shown to be statistically significant. The number of animals which had reached the target stage at each of the^.observation points was generally smaller in the test liquid group (`T’ in table 1) than in the control group (`W’).

Methods used in main study

Larvae of the brown grass frog Rana temporalia from a pond 400 m above sea-level (St. Oswald, Steiermark, Austria) were used for this study. The Austrian part of the study was performed indoors at St. Oswald, the experiments were started on 13^th and 20^th of May.

We selected only two-legged tadpoles which had already started to develop rear legs, with their rear legs splayed out far enough for it to be possible to see through the angle between the tail and the upper and lower parts of the leg (comparable to about stage

31 according to Gosner) [8]. The transformation from this stage to the four-legged stage normally then takes less than one week.

During this period, the front legs are pre-formed under the skin. The end of this transformation is marked by the last (second) front leg breaking through, which takes place within a few minutes of completing the preceding development stages. In addition to the target criterion of possessing four legs, it was also noted when the

animals reached the stage when the tail had largely disappeared (fig. 1).

Preparing the test and control substances

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The tadpoles were observed under the effect of a test and a control liquid, these being prepared as follows:

20 ml of a suspension of 1.25 mM sodium thyroxin pentahydrate (Sigma Co.) were introduced into distilled water (corresponding to log 3 parts by weight, or 1000 ppm) at 20°C in a 30 ml glass bottle. In order to achieve uniform dilution and to transfer any thyroxin information to the water, this partly filled bottle was first agitated by hand, by tapping the bottle 30 times against the palm of the left hand over the course of one minute.

The bottle containing the solution was then placed inside a metal can which acted as a coil and was connected to a specially made high sensitivity amplifier, as described below. An identical bottle containing 100 ml of pure tap water was placed inside a metal can which acted as the output coil.

A standardised programme (amplification = 40x, interrupted = 7 sec ‘on’ / 3 sec ‘oft’, duration = 15 min.) was used in order to transfer bioinformation from the bottle containing the thyroxin solution in the input coil to the bottle containing water in the output coil (fig. 2). Then the liquid in the output coil was agitated again, as described above. The result is called ‘thyroxin-informed liquid’ in the following. In order to prepare a ‘control’, the same procedure was followed, but with the difference that a bottle containing distilled water was used instead of the thyroxin solution in the input coil. The bottle in the output coil was then labelled ‘water-informed liquid’ (fig. 3).

0-4 This transfer of water information to water served as a control against any thyroxin
contamination of the beaker (coil) and against the effects of electrical signals, either from the surroundings or from the equipment itself, which might be of biological significance.

This control was, inter alia, used because the amplification set-up could not be electromagnetically screened since normal Faraday cages only filter radio frequencies,

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whereas the biologically most effective frequencies would penetrate even solid metal

0.4 [9]. Thus, we excluded all neutral ‘noise’ being transferred, to the same extent, to the
test liquid and to the control liquid, with the thyroxin information being transferred only to the test liquid.

Several more bottles of thyroxin-informed and water-informed liquids were prepared in the same way. Before adding the liquids prepared in this way to the corresponding aquaria, they were again shaken a few times.

4.1 The optical transmittance of the bottles ended below 350 nm and that of each of the

aquarium waters above 2500 nm.

MIR

Amplifier: Specific to the BICOM instrument

The instrument (BICOM, Briigemann) was designed by the manufacturer to receive bioinformation at an input amplifier. This is stored by rechargeable direct current batteries. The instrument is designed in accordance with safety class 3 (TUV). Although the amplifier can be connected as a conventional electrical circuit for calibration purposes, it normally operates with a single-pole input and single-pole output without an earth connection.

The reasoning behind this is the assumption that the relevant bioinformation is a coherent signal and not a time-dependent voltage or flow of current. This type of coherent signal (see below; Discussion), is transmitted along a single wire (e.g. a PVC insulated copper wire with 5 mm banana connectors at the ends), in the same way that heat (‘negative information’) can be passed along a metal rod.

The BICOM amplifier itself is a broad band amplifier with extremely low distortion of frequencies, high frequency linearity, i.e. it amplifies all frequencies as uniformly as possible, that is with the same amplitude, and an extremely small phase-shift (phase angle rotation) during amplification.

This is required when amplifying bioinformation since this appears to be coherent. (Fixed relationships between the phases of otherwise separate waves make these waves coherent). Coherence is therefore a measure of the precision of the speed, the frequency and the wavelength of the individual waves. This also makes interference effects between the individual waves possible [9].

If the output from the amplifier is compared with that from a normal oscilloscope, then at first it simply looks like noise. However, in spite of some unsolved technical problems, a coherent signal can be produced by using an appropriate signal analyser or a narrow band filter [9]. A physical explanation of the storage of this type of information in the liquid water will be given later (see the Discussion).

Encoding and adding the water

0•4

The two sets for the sequential experiments were encoded by an independent member

of the University of Graz (A. Nograsek). Both sets were used blind. The test and control liquids were each introduced, by adding 8 ml portions of the relevant liquid to 8 litres of water which contained the animals, at intervals of 8 hours. Then the tanks

were stirred gently. The same amount of water (8 ml) was then pipetted out of the aquarium each time.

Non-invasive design of the trial

On reaching the stage with a reduced tail, the animals were returned to their natural habitat.

Further details, set up

White disposable plastic beakers were used. The temperature of the pondwater in these was 18.5 ± 0.5°C. The beakers were placed in indirect natural light and the tadpoles were fed ad libidum on cooked lettuce leaves. The positions of the aquaria were rotated over the course of the trial. The animals were observed at intervals of 8 hours, until about 90% of the animals in one of the groups being compared (test liquid againit control liquid) had reached the target stage. The development of the remaining 10% was not observed since this would normally be delayed. 18 animals were used in each aquarium. A total of 26 individual beakers or 13 pairs of beakers were observed during the main trial (fig. 4).

Statistics

To evaluate the data, the total (cumulative) number of animals which had reached the four-legged stage was counted for each of the two groups and compared with the total of those animals which had not reached this stage (a) (fig. 4).

In the same way, the total number of animals with reduced tails was counted and compared in (b).

For each measurement interval, that is every 8 hours, the data were compared using a chi squared test. Special note was taken of the measurement point at which about 50% of the animals had reached the target stage.

Results of the main study

The trials involved a total of 468 animals. Fig. 5a shows the increase in the number of four-legged animals among those treated with the test liquid (black squares) and the increase in four-legged animals among the controls (white squares). Fig. 5b shows the increase in the number of tailless animals among those treated with the test liquid (black circles) and the increase in the number of tailless animals among the controls (white circles). The absolute numbers are given in table 2.

The diagrams demonstrate that the animals subjected to the test liquid reached the target stage, as indicated by the same number of controls reaching the target stage, only after a delay of 8 to 20 hours.

The evaluation showed that this difference was also statistically significant (see table 2).

Discussion of the results; control trial

Status of the project

The present study was designed to attempt to transfer information from a molecular thyroxin solution (1:10³, for normal metamorphosis inhibition) to water which had not been pretreated. Two transformations during the metamorphosis of the brown grass frog were tested under the effect of this test liquid.

The results of the study (1994) are consistent with those from the preliminary tests
published in 1993. The test liquid, i.e. the information from thyroxin transferred by means of the electronic instrument, produced a statistically significant slowing down in the rate of metamorphosis.

These results will be reported in a corresponding publication in the context of the American Association for Experimental Biology (FASEB) [10].

Control trial

The next step in this type of project requires an independent control trial to be performed in a laboratory other than our own.

Such an independent control experiment was performed in Italy under the patronage of the University of Urbino (table 3). This confirmed the results previously obtained in Graz. A slowing down in the rate of metamorphosis was observed under the effect of the test liquid, as compared with controls.

These studies, which are soundly based from a zoological point of view, provide further evidence of the existence of biosignals and the possibility of electronically processing such signals. Inter alia, questions relating to the following biophysical faCtors are raised:

a) The interaction between the molecular substance thyroxin and (the liquid surrounding the molecules and) the metal in the input coil.
b) The break-down of the bioinformation signal into time-dependent variations of voltage and current strength in a man-made amplifier.
c) The transfer and storage of electromagnetic information to the solvent water.
d) The physiological basis of the sensitivity of living organisms to this type of information and the mechanism of the interaction of bioinformation with the
a) Bioinformation

It is generally known that biomolecules emit electromagnetic signals. Even radio astronomers observe this type of information.

To any physicist, it is a commonplace fact that atoms and molecules consist of quanta

which can be described not only as particles but also as waves or energy fields.

411•1

Independently of the mathematical/theoretical aspect, quanta may be described as either corpuscular particles or as electromagnetic fields or as vector fields. However, this form, the actual thing to observe, is not always taken into account when thinking about biological and medical concepts of life and health.

The charge on an electron, naturally, is electrostatic, but it can behave like an

4.4 electromagnetic wave. Thus the information from atoms and e.g. molecules consists of the (smeared out) electromagnetic field of the electrons and nucleons. Due to the final temperature of the molecular system, molecules may be held in specific rotational and vibrational states (modes). These modes are coupled to those of other molecules and to external fields in a very complex manner.

It is conceivable that there are also other phenomena which take precedence over the SPIV electromagnetic fields [9].

The rotational states are located in the infra-red region, the thermal vibrations of the molecules and clusters occur in both this region and in the longer wavelength region. The special feature of low-energy bioinformation seems to be the coherence of these types of vibration patterns. Fixed relationships between the phases of otherwise

separate waves makes these waves coherent.

This also makes possible the occurrence of interference effects between individual

waves. This type of coherent, e.g. electromagnetic, signal can be propagated along a

0.4

metal wire, with the help of an input coil, in exactly the same way as heat can be

passed along a metal rod.

The expression ‘propagating coherence’ is used here (rather than an ‘electric circuit’) which is promoted by ‘electron hopping’ [7]. Electron hopping may also play a

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supporting role in the management system within a living organism. The dielectric properties of enzymes also indicate this. (In the same way as a camera or a microscope copies the principles of a human eye, the BICOM instrument can copy the principles of communication within an organism). One pointer to the necessity of free transfer electrons between the scanned molecular substance (thyroxin) and the organism is also provided by the experimental finding that although many types of glass are suitable for the container of the information-carrying solution, plexiglass (perspex) is not.

Insulators such as perspex have about one free electron per cm³, whereas in the case of

4••■

hard glass the number is an order of magnitude greater and with metals there is one transfer electron per atom. A critical electron or proton density seems to be required in order to build up the long-range order.

b) Events in the amplification process

The principles of the BICOM amplifier, a broad band amplifier with an extremely low distortion of frequencies, high frequency linearity and extremely low phase rotation were described briefly in the Methods section. Although answering detailed technical questions is often against commercial interests, it now seems beneficial to have as precise as possible data on the electronic details in order to promote scientific appraisal and acceptance of BICOM resonance therapy.

c) The water at the instrument output

AIM

It can be assumed that electromagnetic (and other?) information from the amplifier interacts with the fields of molecules and molecular groups in the water. Even normal water is a highly structured substance, on a number of hierarchical levels: it consists of fractions (phases) with different physical properties which are supported by species

known and described as clusters. Water molecules form coherent (LASER-like) communicating groups due to their dipolar structure [10]. Additional polarisation of the water molecules can now occur as a result of the electromagnetic bioinformation. In pictorial terms, the previously coherent phases are now ‘aligned’ in the same way as a computer diskette which is first formatted and then ‘informed’. In the case of these types of groups, though, the expression ‘information retaining process’ is more appropriate than ‘information retaining structure’.

In addition to this explanatory approach, the natural diversity of the (hydrogen and oxygen) isotopes in the solvent water Cisotopicity’ of naturally occurring atoms of the same type with different masses) and their ability to determine the interactions between the vibrations of the water molecules should be mentioned. This coupling of vibrational modes may also stabilise certain information (Berezin in [4]). These two theoretical approaches complement each other to produce a thermodynamic theory, the interaction of the electrons (coherent dipole vibrations) being coupled to the vibrations of the rest of the atom (electron-photon coupling). Long-range electromagnetic waves seem to occupy a key role in this type of coupling [12, 13].

In this connection, trials with thyroxin-informed water in which specific resonance frequencies of the liquid have been determined are of interest [14].

d) Interactions with the organism

The existence of energetic interactions has been described as a fundamental fact of the phenomenon known as ‘life’. The transmission of signals forms the basis of BICOM resonance therapy.

A possible working hypothesis suggests that the fundamental effect of exogenic bioinformation is based on delocalisation of energy in a resonance-like interaction between the transmitter (the organism) and the receiver (BICOM bioinformation). The appropriate information pattern can thus absorb e.g. pathological or stress-related vibrations by making the highly sensitive biofeedback system in the organism oscillate like a passive resonator. Either negative or positive resonance phenomena (extinction or amplification while superimposed) may occur. An analogy to amplification would be the possible effects of microphone/high-power loudspeaker coupling in an empty conference hall. It seems to be very important for the future that appropriate resources are found for reaching a wider audience and also for further research.

References

Other models

Interesting results on the electronic transfer of bioinformation were found in our study group with regard to having an effect on the growth of wheat seeds and also on the induced emission of biophotons in the case of acetabularia (Citro with support from F.A. Popp) [14]. Reference is also made to the papers by J. Benveniste [15] and G.

Pin

Lednyiczky et al. and F. Senekowitsch et al. [124].

The group leader works at the Zoological Institute of the University of Graz.

Mit

Address for correspondence:

Dr. rer. nat. P.C. Endler, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Homeopathy, Diirergasse 4, A-8010 Graz.

Table 1: Effect of test liquid on the metamorphosis of amphibia; preliminary trial

Transformation to the four-legged stage

W (total = 144)

N =	10	16	25	49	65	76	90	100	112	119	127
% =	6.9	11.1	17.4	34.0	45.1	52.8	62.5	69.4	77.8	82.6	882
T (total = 144)
N =	9	13	17	41	47	52	78	87	90	99	114
% =	6.3	9.0	11.8	28.5	32.6	36.1	54.2	60.4	62.5	68.8	792

W: Absolute and relative number of animals in the control group which have reached the defined stage at 11 sequential measuring points (depending on the experiment, time intervals of 8 or 16 hours).

The standard deviation was about 10% each time.

T: The corresponding numbers for animals in the test group:

** P <0.01; * P , <0.05; – P >0.05 in chi squared test.

Fig. 5: Effect of the test liquid on the transformation from two-legged to four-legged tadpoles (a) and to animals with a reduced tail (b).

Table 3: Effect of test liquid on the metamorphosis of amphibia: main study

Transformation to the four-legged stage

fai4 W (total 234)

27 29 60 81 99 120 143 163 169 176 191 201 209

T (total 234)

21 22 35 59 75 92 118 135 140 153 164 171 188

0.4 ** * * ** * ** ** * ** ** **

Transformation to stage with reduced tail

W (total 234)

25 26 62 71 89 118 128 144 155 174 186 195 207

T (total 234)

17 28 48 53 70 93 108 123 138 153 167 184 194

0.4

* * *

Table 3: Effect of test liquid on the metamorphosis of amphibia (independent repetition of the trial)

}CM

Transformation to four-legged stage

0.4 W (total 90)

18 29 40 47 57 62 71 78 80

mit

T (total 90)

11 21 25 33 38 47 51 57 63

0.6

* * ** * ** ** **

Bioresonance Therapy Corrects the Immunodeficiency of
Chernobyl mice

Sakbarov D., Savtsova Z., Indyk V., Kovhasyuk S., Voieikova I., Zaritskaia M.,
Orlovsky A., Scrkiz Ja, Kavetsky R. E.
Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, and Radiobiology
of the National Academy of Science of the Ukraine

Lednyickzy G.
.Hippocampus Research Facilities, Central Division, 1031 Budapest, Ni nasi at 67, Hungary,
Tel/fax: 36-1-188-6865

Abstract:

The investigation was carried out over seven months using C57BI mice which were held for 6 months in the ambient conditions of the radiation zone of the Chernobyl accident. Total dose of external gamma-noise during the whole period of time in Chernobyl zone was less then 0.1 Gy. In these experimental animals, damage of immune homeostasis and formation of secondary innmmodeficiency was observed.

To correct the immune system status, the endogenous modified electromagnetic fields of the radiated Chernobyl mice was applied. The treatment led to normalization of thymus and peripheral lymph nodes weight and cell numbers indices as well as the peripheral lymph nodes’ cellular composition. The resistance of the animals to an experimentally induced viral infection returned to the level of the control animals of the same strain.

Keywords: mice, gamma-noise, immunodeficience, electromagnetic field, radiation Introduction:

Described here is the influence of ELF-ELI-EMF on the functioning of the immune system and how the observed results can be explained, taking into account that the sources of ELF-ELI EMF are the bodies of mice experienced with the action of radionucleids. It is suspected that the harmonious oscillations correspond to the physiological (non-pathological) processes in living and disharmonious oscillations correspond to pathological processes. Three basic assumptions were made before the experiment began: I) each mouse’s EMF is the sum of its harmonious and disharmonious oscillations; 2) both oscillations have certain intervals or frequencies that differ from each other; 3) if the H+Di treatment mode (Harmonious and inverted Disharmonious oscillations) is used for a chosen frequency which is suspected to belong to the physiological interval of oscillations and Ai – (for inverting all endogenous frequencies) then a considerable improvement in the condition of the mice’s organism should be produced.

For more informatiion visit www.bioresonancetherapy.com

The study of the influence of continuous low-intensity irradiation (the so called Chernobyl factor) on the immune system reveals a wide variety of immunomodifying effects of this type of irradiation. Quantitative (the number of cells and cellular composition of central and peripheral organs of the immunity system and the blood) [1-4] and qualitative (functional activity of various immunocompetent cell populations and the rate of cooperative immune reactions) [2,5] indices of the immune system are changed substantially. Regulative interactions (the level of some cytokines, a- and g-interferon, 1L-1, IL-2, TNF, and antigen-specific T-suppression) were altered [6-81 Proliferation and activation of processes stimulation of some other indices [4,6,71 is possible in an early stage of radiation damage when the nonspecific adaptive reactions dominate alterations in the immune system [3].

The immune system homeostasis disturbances develop with the time of irradiation to form a secondary immune deficiency. This is revealed in experimental [2,5,7] and wild [9] rodents and cattle [101 in the radiation zone created after the meltdown at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant The preferential disturbance of the activity of natural killer cells and T-lymphocyte-dependent reactions is a peculiarity of such immune deficiencies [2,3,5,7,8]. The obtained results show that in a post-Chemobyl situation, the correction of the immune imbalance by using conventional inummostimulators may be not only unexpedient but also harmful.

The correction should be mostly aimed at the enhancement of the immune system adaptability, rehabilitation of the normal maturation and differentiation of the lymphocytes and optimization of the immune cell interactions [11,12J. New methods of immune correction are offered to counter the effects of the continuous low-intensity radiation [11,12]. A new helpful method in the correction of immunodeficiency could be Bioresonance therapy.

Materials and methods:

Animals:

Nine months old male mice of line C57B1, are under investigation. At the age of 2.5 months mice were conveyed from the vivarium of the R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, and Radiobiology of the Natl. Acad. Sci. of Ukraine to the institute’s experimental base, situated in the town of Chernobyl. Hence, they were maintained under conditions of low-dose ionizing radiation for 6.5 months. The animals were influenced by both background y -irradiation and the action of radionucleids being administered, generally with water and food. The animal’s diet was comprised of the food-stuffs produced in the contaminated zone. The spectral content of radionucleids, its activity, distribution within various organs and tissues were precisely described previously (14]. Total dose of external y -noise was less then 0.1 Gray (Gy) during the whole period of time in the Chernobyl zone. The activity of radionucleides in food stuff was in rate of 224 Becquerel (Bq) per day. The contribution of y -component in total dose of radiation was not counted.

Pm,

Apparatus:

The BICOM device (Brugemann, Germany) was used to acquire the ELF-ELI-EMF of the untreated Chernobyl animals .(group 1, as denoted below), modify such EMF and transduce this field into the mice of the remaining experimental groups. The device is equipped with 10Hz – 150kliz frequency band-pass filter. The device also makes it possible to process with a more

f-1 narrow frequency band or a fixed frequency. The device can amplify 0.05-64 times the received ELF-ELI-EMF. Moreover, a special separator makes it possible to filter out harmonious oscillations (H) from disharmonious (D) within the total spectrum of oscillations (A). The mice’s electromagnetic oscillations can be inverted (the “Ai” function), then transmitted to the treated mice as a mirror image, phase-shifted through 180^°. The same can be done with the separated (D) part of oscillations (the “Di” function) [13]. On the surface of “output” applicators the power density was less than 1mWfm².

Experimental procedures:

Let the group consisting of “Kiev control” mice be group 0.

Group 1: Mice from Chernobyl that did not interact with Bioresonance Treatment (BRT).

Group 2: Animals continuously treated by BRT programs using the electromagnetic fields of radiated Chernobyl mice after they were transported to Kiev:

I) Ai program, at amplification 0.8, run speed of bandpass (18 sec.), interval 5 min. If) H+Di program, at amplification (0.1+0.5) center frequency – 870Hz, wobbling, interval S min. Group 3: Animals continuously treated by BRT programs using the electromagnetic fields of radiated Chemobyl mice after they were transported to Kiev

f°,1 Ai program, run speed of bandpass (18 sec.), interval 5 min.

II) Ai program, at amplification 18, center frequency – 1.15kHz, wobbling,

interv^–al 5 min.

To avoid a misunderstanding of “run speeds of bandpass”, in this case accepted EMF comes up and down through bandpass consequently following from frequency with constant chosen speed. BRT is administered once a day, five times on every second day in the morning (11 a.m.) to mice in experimental groups 2 and 3.

The immunological assays were conducted I week after the last BRT. Organ indices (the weight of thymus, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes as well as mean number of lymphocytes in those organs) are estimated by a commonly used method 11j.

The lymph-node cellular composition is analyzed by Shtokunger and Kelner’s staining

[15J.

Delay Type Hypersensitivity Reaction (DTHR) is tested by the routine method [16j in modification [5]. The natural citotoxity or functional activity of NK cells is checked radiologically and derived from the destruction of the 1(562 target-cells labeled with 14C-hydrolyzed protein [5J. For the purpose of estimating the resistance to a viral infection (B-immunity), the animals are infected intrinsically with an allantois culture of the A/PR8/34 influenza virus at a 100 ED) dosage. The dynamic of mortality is determined until the 21st day after infection [17]. At the same time, all changes in morphology and weight parameters of the lung of the survived mice are measured under the microscope [5]. Antigen-antibody reactivity (serum antihaemagglutinin titres) was examined using the standard method of haernagglutination reaction.

fml

Results and Discussion:

Indices in the thymus and lymph nodes for group I mice (untreated, Chernobyl mice) differ much from that of the Kiev control group Crab 1). The indices for Macronucleus T-lymphocytes, and Blasts and large lymphocytes in group 1 mice differ greatly from the Kiev control group (Tab. 2). The same can be said regarding the rate of functional activity of NK cells, mass of lungs and antibody production against flu viruses (Fab. 3, 4). Thus the antiviral resistance of group 1 mice was decreased considerably though the dose of infection was 0.01 LD₅₀ of the dose administered for mice of the Kiev control group, nevertheless the mortality of the group 1 animals was 20% (2 mice in 10). The results show the physiological condition and immunological status of group 1 mice was much deteriorated.

In lung tissue, the large foci of haemorragic pneumonia was observed three weeks after infection. The weight of the lung on average was 15.9 ± 3.0 mg/g, the weight increase index was 1.94. In contrast, among the control animals from Kiev (group 0), no deaths resulting from infection were observed. No macroscopic changes in the morphology of the lung tissue were found. The treatment mode for group 2 animals resulted in the rehabilitation of the immune system; the weight of the thymus and peripheral lymph nodes returned to a normal level. Normalization of the lymph-node’s cellular composition, regarding the component of mature T-cell, was found (Tab. 1, 2). As compared with group 1, B-lymphocytes content was practically unchanged. The relative weight and mean number of lymphocytes in spleen are the highest in the group 2 (Tab. 1). The indicators of effected activity of different immunocompetent cell’s populations are altered: NK cell’s activity remained at the level of untreated mice. Application of treatment programs caused an increase of the resistance of organisms to the infection: 100% of the

treated mice survived. Microscopic alterations appeared on the 21st day after infecting like a single small foci of pneumonia (1-2 foci per mouse). The relative weight of lung was 9.7 ± 0.8 mg/g (P1- 2:).1;P2-43.1). The weight increase index was 1.18.

The increase of the organ indices took place after the treatment of animals with programs for group 3. In comparison with group 2, the effects of treatment are more pronounced in thymus and less in spleen and lymph-node (Tab. 1.). Lymph-node cellular composition is also significantly distinguished and exhibits the lowest content of the mature Tells, while the content of blasts and large lymphocytes was increased as well as the number of B-cells (Tab. 2.). The rate of the NK-

A., cells activity was remarkably lower than in other groups. The mortality in the acute period of
inflammation was 20%, as in the case of the untreated Chernobyl mice. The relative weight of the

r•; lung by the 21st day after infection was 15.2 f 2.9 mg/g, the weight increase index was 1.85.

The 6_5 month placement of the male mice line C5781 in the radiological conditions of the

Chernobyl zone caused alterations in a variety of immunological determinants. Spectrum,
peculiarities and nature of the alterations are consistent with those revealed previously in the mice

(2.• of other lines and in rats kept under analogous conditions [I-3,51. The status of immune system of
animals may be defined as immunodeficiency [2,51. Regardless of the program, essential

Ps1 alterations in a variety of immunological indices strictly connected to the current state of the immune system were observed_ But only by applying the programs selected for group 2, immunocorrecting effects manifested themselves integrally in the increase of the antiviral resistance of animals.

The distant damages of immune system caused by prolonged low-intensity radiation are substantially connected with the depression of T-cell differentiation (mostly of T-helper cells) [181.

PRI
Caul

100

One of the characteristics of that depression is redistribution in the ratio of mature and immature inununocompetent cells towards a prevalence of the immature cell population [1,4 The scheme of treatment in group 2 appeared to cause a predominant optimization of T-cell differentiation and maturation. This may explain the intensified migration of cells towards peripheral immune organs and the subsequent increase of the cell number in spleen and lymph-nodes. The ratio of mature/immature cells in effector populations was optimized and the efficacy of cooperative immune reactions (antibody’s production) grows. Since spontaneous antigen-un-specific separation is known to decrease after prolonged habitation under radiation conditions this does not contradict the proposed mechanism of BRT. As this takes place, the damage in activity of suppresser-cells is observed at the level of mature T-suppressers (5J. The increase of antigen-unspecific suppression may well cause a decrease in the level of immunologiocal reaction when using program 2, and improvement of differentiation and T-cell maturation involves the suppresser subpopulation as well. However, this aspect of the program requires special examination.

The following part of the discussion covers the immunological effects of ELF-ELI EMF that are observed in group 3 mice. The program appears to stimulate the proliferation of lymphoid cells but not differentiation or maturation. This is suggested by the increase in the cell number, primarily of thymus and by significant gains in blasts (but not immature T-cells) contained in peripheral lymph-nodes. The unbalance of functions of mature and immature lymphoid cells of different populations being kept (or increased) may cause a significant decrease in the natural cytotoxity and the lack of pronounced defects in program 3 concerning resistance to viral infection.

Finally, several explicit conclusions are drawn: Endogenous ELF-ELI EMF can influence the functioning of the immune system and correct a condition of immunodeficiency created by exposure to continuous, low-intensity radiation. Indirectly, shown is that intervals of frequencies around 870Hz posses physiological oscillations. A clarification of these results would require a more sophisticated theoretical as well as practical approach.

References:

Savtsova Z.D., Kovbasjuk S.A., Yudina 0. at all, Radiobiology, 1993, v.31-5, p:679-686;
Mel’nikov P.Ph., Sambur M.B., Indyk V.M., Radiobiology, 1991, v.31-5, p:673-677;
Sambur M.B., The State of Immune System and Mechanisms of Immune Homeostasis under the Conditions of Influence of Low-intensity Ionizing Radiation, thesis for Ph.D., Kiev, 1994, p37;

fob 4. Melyzhev V.A., Pelevina 1.1., Afanasiev G.G., at all, Radiological biology. Radiobiology,

1993, v.33,1 ,p:470-477;

Savtsova Z.D., Yudina O.Ju., Zaritskaya M.Ju., at all, Racliobiology, 1991, v.31-5, p:687- mn 693;
Bortkevich L.G., Maslovskia A.M., Rozhkova Z.A., at all, Radiobiological congress in Kiev at the 20-25th of September 1993, Puschino, 1993, part I, p:138-139;
Spivak N.La., Ganova Jakovenko L.F., at all, Radiobiological congress in Kiev at the
20-25th of September 1993, Puschino, 1993, part III, p:948-950;
Savtsova Z.D., Indyk V.M., Kovbasjuk S.A.,Proc. of the “Koliska” Foundation, Ed. by the Apathy Foundation, Budapest, 1993, No 1, p:17-18;
Kozinenko Zavodnilcova N.S., Spivak N.La., Ganova L.A., Jakovenko L.F., at all,
Radiobiological congress in Kiev at the 20-25th of September 1993, Puschino, 1993, part p:469-470;
Belov A.D., Rogozhina LAT., Lysenko N.P., at all, Biological and radioecological aspects of the consequences of accident on Chernobyl atomic power plant, Moscow, 1990, p:267;
Kozhokaru A.F., Radiobiological congress in Kiev at the 20-25th of September 1993, Puschino, 1993, part IV, p:466;

Kudriashov Yu.V., Goncharov E.N., Antonov S.V., Radiobiological congress in Kiev at the rot 20-25th of September 1993, Puschino, 1993, part IV, p:538;
Brugemann H., Bioresonance and multiresonance therapy (BRT), Volume I, Haug. Brussels., 1993, p:267;
Serlciz La.M., Lipskaja A.E., Pindiuk L.B., Radiobiology, 1991, v.31-5, p:629-634
Umansky Ju.A., Gluzman D.F., Yudin V.M., at all, Proc. Acad. Sci. SSR-1975, v.221-5, p:1193-1195;

414 16. Kitamura K.A., J. Immunol. Methods, 1980, v.39-2, p:277-283;

Savtsova Z.D., Gulling A.V., Pavlishyn V.V., The Questions of Virusology, 1984, No. 2, p:248-250;

1¹•■• 17. Beljakov I.N, Jarilin A.A., Ketlinsky S.A., at all, Immunology, 1993, No. 2, p:60-63;

Biological EMEs cause considerable changes in the viability
of the heat shock treated chrysalises of Drosophila
melanogaster.

Sakharov D.,

The R_E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology,
National Academy of Science of Ukraine

Waiserman A., Koshel N.,

The Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine

ow)

Gabor Lednyiczky,

Hippocampus Research Facilities, Central Division,

fift 1031 Budapest, Nanisi tit 67, Hungary, Tel/fax 36-1-1886865

mrk ABSTRACT:

It has been long suspected that biological electromagnetic waves may play an important regulatory role in life of living systems. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we tried to exert control over the viability and stress-resistance of flies (which have undergone an activating and depressing influence of a temperature) by transferring the biological electromagnetic waves from one group of bio-objects to another. The considerable improvement of the viability indices’ and stress-resistance of the heat-shock depressed Drosophila melanogaster flies until normal values

returned. Moreover, the influence of the waves under certain conditions is able to

4.1

optimize the system’s function activity of the heat-shock activated and heat-intact

flies.

Aft

KEY WORDS:

Bioresonance treatment (BRT), Drosophila melanogaster, electromagnetic field (EMF), heat shock

INTRODUCTION

In reviewing the voluminous literature on the electromagnetic phenomena of living systems, one can find a strong correlation between the dynamics of different physiological processes and characteristics of endogenous electromagnetic signals or fields (EMFs). Taking into account the connection between a wide range of electromagnetic waves and the state of living systems, one can draw two explicit conclusions about the role that such waves may play: (I) pointing to a certain functional status of a system; (2) promoting or inhibiting specific processes.

imk

To verify the second conclusion practically, one needs to induce remarkable changes in the bio-object under investigation by means of biological EMFs. Though many scientists corroborated the possible regulatory role of intrinsic EMFs by indirectly [Weyer R. A., 1985; Choy R. et al., 1987J exposing an organism to artificial EMFs, Gurwitch was the first one who did it using its natural biological EMF’s

t.‘ [Gurwitsch AG, 1932]. One further example of similar experiments is the work recently done by Dr. Ho M.W. [Ho M.W., N1992]. She reports that even a brief exposure of Drosophila’s embryos to external weak magnetic fields leads to crucial abnormalities in the pattern of body formation in the larvae which hatch twenty four hours later. It is difficult to explain the mechanisms that are responsible for that effect. However, one would not neglect the possibility of interference between biological and applied EMFs resulting in disorder of the proper influence of intrinsic EMFs on the major pattern determination processes.

These considerations in mind, we supposed that intrinsic EMFs actually play a regulatory role in the determination process and are important in intercellular communication. In order to practically confirm some of these assumptions, we used the 13ICOM’ – device as a suitable tool for the electromagnetic information transfer between objects and chrysalises of Drosophila melanogaster as an available object of investigation with a high degree of the proliferation and determination cell activity [Lints F.,1985; Mayer P.,1985]. Drosciphila melanogaster, or fruit fly, has been extensively used in genetic investigations and is probably the best understood animal in terms of inheritance studies.

41¹1b It is well known that a 40^°C heat shock may considerably decrease the fly’s

viability, ie. its capacity to tolerate future stress conditions: a 30% mortality in the embryo population, and evocation of some abnormalities during development of survived embryos. On the molecular level, it is reflected as a sharp changes in the spectrum of gene activity -:-.the fimctional activity of 90% of genes are suppressed but not those responsible for heat shock proteins production [Craig E.,1985].

We have recently shown the possibility of significantly invigorating the viability of chrysalises and deriving from them flies by heat treatment with certain parameters (120 min.; 37^°C). This heat shock activation of vitality may be considered a reaction of

4m■

non-specific adaptation of the organism [Garkavi L et al, 1990]. With respect to this, the main task of the experiment was to correct the temperature-induced considerable deviations from the normal development in the Drosophila’s chrysalises by means of the endogenous EMFs originating from the heat shock activated chrysalises.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The outbreed Oregon-R wild type laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster was used in the experiments. The embryos were placed in one–liter glass vessels containing a standard medium composed of sugar, agar, dried yeast, semolina porridge, and mold inhibitor ” . They were constantly kept at 25^° C, the humidity of the experimental cabinets was 40-60% RH. Proper administration of light (12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness) was employed.

On the stage, chrysalis flies underwent the influence of the two different heat shock regimes: a) 120 min. at 37^°C – the “activating” heat shock regime; b) 120 min. at 40^°C – the “depressing” heat shock regime..In connection with this we have included into the experiment next. groups: “N” groups consisted of the temperature unaltered chrysalises; “A” groups consisted of the temperature-activated ones and “D” denoted the groups of temperature-depressed chrysalises.

Then the groups were divided into experimental subgroups depending on the quality of electromagnetic information they experienced. On average, every subgroup consisted of >1000 chrysalises that continued to live in one-liter glass vessels.

The BICOM device (13rOgemann GmbH, Germany) was used to acquire the electromagnetic field of the chrysalises situated on the input applicator, to modify these fields and transduce them onto the experimental group of chrysalises placed at the output applicator.

Hereafter, the programs of treatment is denoted as follows: The logic program occupies the Position 1 (amplification or attenuation), Position 2 scans frequencies through the whole band-pass of the filter provided that narrow frequenCy widows are opened in tandem, Position 3 controls the speed of scanning, Position 4 controls the interval or continuos operation, Position 5, the duration of treatment, and Position 6.

H, 0.9, Frequency run -15″, Continuos 20 sec.
H, 0.9, Frequency run -15″, Continuos 60 sec.
H, 0.9, Frequency run -15″, Continuos 30 min.

Based on the results of the former experiment dealing with the effects of endogenous EMFs on the imago of Drosophila (Tab. I), the two first programs were shown to be the most effective- ones.: The:last one is. chosen in order to analyze the dose-dependence or the occurrence of “dose window” [Lawrence A.,1982; Choy R.,1987; Webb S.,1984) of the influence.

The 1-12th (the duration of influence 20 and 60 sec) experimental groups experienced the influence of endogenous ELF-ELI EMFs two days four times daily with a one hour interruption between treatment sessions. The 13-15th chrysalises groups duration of influence was 30 min. for two days, once daily.

– a small quantity of Nipagin (ethylparahydroxybenzoate) is usually mixed to inhibit the mold growth.

To generalize the results of the both applied influences – heat shock and EMFs – in terms of the vitality of the chrysalises and flies, we analyzed several representative indices.

The percentage of mortality of chrysalises, i.e. the volume of chrysalises that did not finish metamorphosis successfully.

To present the qualitative analysis of the fecundity of the young females, i.e. the mean number of eggs produced by 100 females from every subgroup during a day, they were separated from males into 200 ml vessels on the third day after the emergence² . Fecundity of flies is considered normal if the eggs undergo complete metamorphosis and is denoted in the tables below by “plus”, the successful embryonic development of approximately a half of all produced eggs can be considered reduced fecundity and is denoted by-“plus/minus”. When produced eggs turn to be non-viable, that is almost no_ flies: appeared from :them one can say this is completely depressed fecundity – it is denoted by “minus”.

In order to analyze the index of mean life-span (MS) only males from every experimental group – 125 randomly chosen flies – are placed into five special vials of 25 flies each. The diameter of the vial is 10 mm and length – 150 mm. All these vials were also supplied with 2 ml of standard medium. Transfers to a fresh medium were made 3 times a week until the complete elimination of the experimental populations. The mortality of the flies is estimated by daily performed observations of vials with counting the dead Drosophila’s. On the basis of this data, the mean life span was calculated for every experimental group.

The time of movement (sec) of the flies towards a source of directional light stimulus, the positive phototaxis, was controlled since this index directly correlates with integral viability of an organism [15]. The flies of a certain experimental group were placed into a 10 mm x 500 .rnm glass tube with the source of light, a 100 W electric bulb, situated on the distant edge of the tube. We measured the time in seconds for 50% of the population to transfer from the zero point to a mark 100rnm away.

The resistance of flies to heat shock (min.) is evaluated in terms of the time it takes for the death of 50 % of population by heating to 40^°C. For this propose, males are placed in 5 vialq free of medium, 20 flies to a vial.

To estimate the resistance of flies to starvation (hour), 100 flies are maintained in 5 vials without medium and the time taken to complete a 50% mortality of the population at 22^°C is assessed.

Mathematical analysis of the data was performed by using “Statgraphics” software [16].

2 emergence – the last sta:: of the corn -2:ted metamorphosis of the fly organism from egg through larval to adui rm (also Jenoted a.. ecotosia)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2. The viability’s indices of control flies (intact normal flies) and the temperature-experienced (A & D) flies in absence of the BICOM-treatment

Groups	‘ mortality of chrysalises %	Fecundity	Time of positive phototaxis. (sec)	Starvation Resistance (hour)	Heat Shock Resistance (min.)
°N1ntact	0.1	+	13.891-0.42	30.8310.52	63.6±2.18
_ “Kintact	0^.2	^1-	16.8910.42′	32.22±031 *	592±1.71
“Dnintact	25.5	–	46.331-4.25′	26.05-10.23 ‘	59.610.51

here and in the table below *-p<0.05; **- p<0.01; *** – r0.001

As it can be seen from Table 2., the ‘A’ and D’ administration of heat shock influences the viability of chrysalises and young flies variously. Only the values of the Positive Phototaxis (PP) – (the time of movement to the label) were of the same type. The locomotor activity of flies was decreased in both cases. In the case of D’ administration of HS the depression was profoundly expressed. At the same time, the resistance of flies to starvation was the opposite. The flies of “A” intact group

PI%

(intact with respect to the information transfer by BICOM ) appeared to be much stronger in their resistance to starvation. Thus we can draw the conclusion that the administrations affected the flies in a different war If the “D” regime only decreases integral viability of flies then “A” redistributes the potential resources of viability to provide a proper “answer” of organism while it shifts from normal to unusual (starvation, any stress response) living conditions. Likewise, such redistribution occurs on the level of genes. It is well known that while heat shock takes place 90% of synthesized proteins are the HS–proteins and the synthesis of the other is suppressed [6)

Besides the “D!’_ temperature regime considerably disturbs the metamorphosis and cause the high mortality (25.5%) of chrysalises (the stage after larvae) and completely suppressed the fecundity of young females.

OE*
INS
Poi

Table 3. The viability of the young flies from “Normal” groups after the information transfer

Groups	Mortality of chrysalises %		Fecundity •		Time of Positive Phototaxis (sec)	Starvation resistance (hour)
N . intact	0.1			+	13.89±0.42	30.83±0.52
A>N	0.3			+	18.56±1.17 “	30.65±0.73
20sec
A>N	0.2			+	18.67±1.14 “	31.97±0.38
60sec	_
D>N	0.1			^4.	13.67±0.47	33.980.92*
20sec	–
D>N	0.1			+	13.56±0.44	30.780.55
60sec
41.01:16: .M.’-:.:;741=.ss…_i:	1:1^–16:41,01.falp :::-=:= ” • .._aixt_…			₁ .. : ‘	lifF^. . I i . : … .. . :::::::::	!;.10.. .0. * – – ..2, . :::: .. .E… … _g.::
“¹¹¹⁴¹ ii: .. ………….	. …. .”‘ :__i_.„- r…^“4’11 4`4idgilgAa„….	^‘7.: „:	· •	. ¹ ,„ .. 11^.; .. ‘ . “””,iikixith.	1-•::::::::111: . 1^,:r::: …. ….. “……………………………….. A iii4i.ilit.:. ^,.1. .. “‘”:,11i.”7:7’!	*:np:!::::* …. *; .* *.• . .:::■:« :X41* ₇*.,.* …. .. – „ ………… :v….

In three of five trials, the influence-of the EMFs induced a significant decrease in the speed of movement of flies from heat-shock intact (so called “normal”) subgroups. In the group A>N (duration of -treatment 30 min.) the starvation resistance of flies is decreased as well as their mobility. In other words, this program brings about a total decrease of viability (overdosing). It is difficult to explain why the result of the D>n (20 sec) regime showed an increased in the SR without any changes in mobility.

Table 4. The viability indices of the flies of “A” – subgroups after the influence of the EMFs

Groups	Mortality %		Fecundity		Time of Positive Phototaxis(sec)	Starvation resistance (hour)
A		0.2		+	16.890.42		32.22±0.37
N>A 20sec		0.1		^4.	14.33±0.33″*		32.03±0.48
N>A 60sec		0.5		+	17.78±0.97		31.33±0.82
*D2** t66-	:-:	:::^–0.1 …….. –	“”-‘	… –	1178±0.36t”^—	… . 1 …	:….::32::010:8:: ::; ::::::_,
· DA 60sec’	-..- .	. . . IA :. ..		…. .ifiiii. ….	…. 13i89±0:35T.	.!..:::	*::: . 30:571^–02•::!..:::.**
A>A 30min		0.1		+	14.0±0.29′ ^T		33.83±0.9
N intact		0.1		+	13.89±0.42		30.83±0.52

Considering the information transfer from the population of the flies of subgroups “N” or “D” to the “A” flies (Table 4.), one may notice an interesting peculiarity in the results. In four of five trials, the influence resulted in the significant

fai

normalization of mobility of flies returning to the value of intact normal flies (see Table I.) at the same time retaining the positive effect of the 37^°C heat shock on the starvation resistance of the flies. Thus it is possible to prepare an organism to fight against stress conditions while avoiding the negative effects of non-specific adaptation (or the above mentioned redistribution of the life resources).

Table 5. The viability indices of the temperature-depressed flies after the influence of endogenous EMFs.

Psi

Groups	Mortality Fecundity %	I Time of Positive / Starvation Phototaxis sec) resistance hour
D	25.5 1 – i	46.33±4.25 26.051-0.23
N>D 20sec	5.4 –	17.67±1.28* 31.30-10.48*
	P’c.7 :- – ^–Eig.’^– 7:31ip.I…i.. :x!.. ‘,c.161E….z:.: _v.,.1	• ..— IF¹18 I . — ^-..•Fli igtrivi ‘ •:- ifk…I* , :FAL„..p_c –.:—.. :F.X .._t.:….= –¹..z… —.
	₄1,_:i:-1:”.. ****** „…7.g^._:,,r-^–-il_.* ..,… • -.••••• •:•,- 7.^—.04.5.4 ^,……,:₄₁.4.._v.v…….. … .-:. …….._r,:_q.₄1,:.: :^,,,,,^,,,..,,,,,i ., •-• :, • – :.9 pi^.,.,^,,;!^,1″.⁶7•Cstr.’4′:P.t.E —.. t..^,:4;.;i; 1.` , .6. i ¹ 1	— — — A^—j- • ‘^–1t-T-⁴:,-.• iiiV””-it, .-‘. .⁷⁷.444.

		:- ^—‘⁷“.t.1″‘”,r^– – • ,” —-• .,,,•,,. ^….4 . ^{’14 I}^1,¹ M•FAR-
.t•		L— . •* ¹ — … ..„. ….. ^{?…4 E.} “`Z.T. ‘ –‘” -, .. ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘VSi . . ::•thir’.. . •, 4 „ ,…:eveu—: 21,..! ,…1…±.21.
	4 pit= A. ‘ ‘ … . ,1.1_tV ,t.•• • •	· ”””” a . 17-: • ‘,..” -. . .6.⁷17…..44^, . _.1.:: . ,..-_.….1 ,r
	4 pit= A. ‘ ‘ … . ,1.1_tV ,t.•• • •	· ., .:. …,
	– ,….viri2 …-x • …=.4., :thu:.r. ‘r.!•:’ ^—..’11:,::………… s. .	— .-v-‘,.-^,,^,.– , —xc- A_tTAIL r…… , ^:5=^—-… ,:: -41.^–::- :::,– • ^ti,:r ^–..ike.;*^– .H.A.4=^—:
A>D 30min	2.0 –	26.89±2.36″ 28.47±0.93*
N intact	0.1 +	13.89±0.42 30.83-10.52

The effects of the e.m. influence turned to be most pronounced when the temperature-depressed subgroups were treated as shown in Table 5. In all trials, the mobility and resistance to starvation was so sharply increased that it shows no difference from that of normal intact (pure control) flies and chrysalises. Furthermore, we were able to completely cease the mortality of chrysalises in the trials N>D 60 sec., A>D 20 sec., A>D 60 sec., A>D 30 min., and slightly in N>D 20 sec. Nearly the same results appear in the restoration of the females fecundity (completely restored in A>D 20 sec.). It worth mentioning that significant positive shifts in the viability’s indices of flies was observed provided that the source of e.m. signals was the grobp of heat-shock depressed flies (see D>A and D>N modes in Table 3, 4). A clarification of this point would require more profound theoretical and practical approaches.

CONCLUSION

The electromagnetic waves that are irradiated by an organism under certain conditions can cause significant modifications to the functional activity of another organism’s system. As such, these waves not only play a role in the regulation of an organism’s functions, but they also can be involved in the regulation of a whole population of organisms such as the populations of Drosophila flies or Daphnia that was discussed in [Calle M.,1992].

Since weak, biologic^.ally meaningful e.m. signals were successfully accepted by the population ofilies^–in^–their environments^–even against much greater background EMFs (usually to be found inside buildings), the results suggest the existence of the “natural selectivity” of living systems.

Thus we conclude a possible correction of the heat-induced damages-and in all probability, any pathological changes by means of information transfer from bioobjects having the earlier acquired mechanism of stress-resistance.

The following part of the discussion covers the explanation of possible genetic mechanisms that can be responsible for the observed results. According to the NeoDarwinsitic explanation of evolution, the major changes in evolution arise from the accumulation of point mutations in regulatory and structural genes which then undergo the pressure of natural selection and can therefore be eliminated or stabilized. The stabilirAtion of acquired characters occurred first of all as the inheritance of the structural peculiarities of genes instead of a pattern of their functional activity. The latter is possible only if the existence of Lamarckian inheritance is considered [Surani M.,1994]. It is relevant to question also how genetic events that can be observed in somatic cells relate to the variations in organization of germline DNA. According to the concept of the Weismann’s barrier [Weisman, 1893], the soma and germline are .^–-distinct and separate. Thus, the germplasm is immune from both the influence of events taking place in soma and environmental influences such as stress, nutritional status, etc. However, as it is being recognized today, genomic organization and the relationship between somatic and germline genes is infinitely more complex and . much more susceptible to dramatic changes than previously considered. In light of the facts excellently reported. and .analyzed: in .[Pollard . J.W., 1988] the dogma of germline sequestration (isolation) seems to be wrong. The author argues that “if an isolated population of organisms were exposed to an altered environment, rapid variation of genomic organization might occur with concomitant effects on morphology, size and pattern of gene expression”. We suggest the result of the experiment presented in this paper in great extent evidence to the accuracy of the author’s statement since while chrysalises were treated by heat and EMFs, the effects were observed on the stage of imago when all cells that underwent the influences were substituted by young ones inherited the acquired pattern of the gene’s activity.

Epigenetic inheritance is possible due to the process of genomic imprinting. A genom fixes in “memory” some epigenetic events and is able, under certain conditions, to pass the imprint to the next generation of cells [Barlow D.,1994; Jablonka E. et aL, 1992]. On the topic of ontogeny³, one usually considers both processes. In the case when germline cells are involved in the process, a newly-born organism can inherit the acquired imprint from. During the last few years, the data obtained points to the possibility of environmentally evoked alterations in the epigenom [Holliday &,1990; Sancar A. et al., 1990]. Simply, it means that besides the inflow of information ‘from^.DNA to proteins, the opposite direction of the process is also feasible and may give rise to the new inherited status of genom. It was verified in the investigation of the influence of external agents on the phenotype of an adult organism provided that the influence was applied at early stages of embriogenesis [Klose J. et al., 1991]. Effects of the influence are accounted for as follows: (1) it alters activity of the embryo’s physiological systems; (2) it causes the accumulation of somatic point mutations; (3) the influence alters the functional activity of genes then the new functional activity is imprinted. However, if the first two suppositions can easily explain the negative effects on phenotype, the third one is the only explanation for positive effects such as the acquired resistance of an organism* to stress. Throughout numerous experiments (unpublished data) while larvae or chrysalises` were exposed to certain doses of heat shock or X-rays, we observed both ‘an increase and decrease in viability of adult Drosophila rn. Of course, to prove epigenetic mechanisms of the observed, we would determine the minimum extent of heat-shock protein production in the cells of treated flies during the next experiment.

3 The whole of the development of an organism from fertilization to the completion of the life history.

4 The pupae stage which ENDOPTERYGOTES such as moths and butterflies enter into after the larval stage. It is an immobile, seemingly dormant stage, but one in which there is considerable internal activity, where larval structures are broken down and those of IMAGO (adult form) form.

REFERENCES

Adhys Sancar, Garges Susan. Positive control // J. Biol. Chem.-1990.-

265,19.-p.10797-10800

2.Barlow D.P. Imprinting: A gamete’s point of view (Trends in Genetics.- 1994.– v. 10.- N6.- p. 194-198)

3.Choy R. V.S., Monro J.A., Smith C.W. Electrical Sensitivity in Allergy Patients (.0 // Clinical Ecology.-1987.–4,3.—p.93-102

4.Craig E.A. The heat shock response // Crit. Rew. Biochem.-1985-18.-p239-280

5.Galle M. Population density ^–-dependence-^.of Biophoton Emission from Daphnia // Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and its Applications. Edited by Popp FA,

fen Li KL., and Gu Q.- “World Scientific”- Singapore-New Jersey-London-Hong Kong.-
I992.-p.345-353

6.Garkavi L.H., Kwakina E.B. Ukolova MA Reactions of adaptation and resistance of an organism. – Rostov University Publish House, Rostov-na-Donu, 1990.-223 P. (in Russian)

7.Gurwitsch AG. Die mitogenetische Strahlung der optischen Balm bei adaquater p.m Erregung // Pfiugers Arch.ges. Physiol.-1932.-231.- p.254-264

8.Ho M.W. Xu X, Ross S., Saunders P.T. Light Emission and. Rescattering in Synchronously Developing Population of Early Drokyhila Embryos // Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and its Applications. Edited by Popp RA, Li K.L., and Gu Q.- “World Scientific”- Singapore-New Jersey-London-Hong Kong.-1992.-

0-1 p.287-304

9.Ho M.W., Stone T.A., Jerman I., Bolton J., Bolton H., Goodwin B.C.; Saunders fa4 P.T., and Robertson F. Brief exposure to .weak static magnetic fields during early

embriogenesis causes cuticular pattern abnormalities in Drosophila larvae // Phys. rim Med. Biol. – 1992 a.-37,5.-p.1171-1179

I0.Holliday R. Paradoxes between genetics. and ^–development // J Cell Sci.- 1990.- 97.- N3.- p. 395-398

11.Jablonka E., Lachmann M., Lamb M.J. Evidence, mechanisms and models for the inheritance of acquire characters // J. Theor. Biol..- 1992.- v. 158.- N2.- p. 245-268

12.Klose J., Howlet S.K., Barton S.C., Surani M.A., Gurtmann I., Reik W. Adult $.1 phenotype in the mouse can depend on epigenetic events in the early embryo: [Abstr.] 2nd Mammal. Genet. and Dev. Workshop, London.- 1991

13.Lawrence A.F., Adey W.R. Nonlinear Wave Mechanisms in Interactions between Excitable Tissue and Electromagnetic Fields // Neurological

14.Lints F.A. Insects: Handbook of the biology of aging .- NY,1985.-p146-I49

15.Mayer P.1, Baker III G.T. Genetic aspects of Drosophila as a model system of eucariotic aging // Intern. Rev. Cytol.- 1985.-95.-p.61-102

16.Pollard J.W. New genetic mechanisms and their implication for the formation of new species // Evolutionary Processes^–and Metaphors . Ed. by M.W. Ho & S.W. FoxChichester-New York-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore . JOHN WILEY & SONS. -1988.- p.63-85

17.Recent Advances in Biophotort Research and its Applications. Edited by Popp F.A., Li K.L., and Gu Q.- “World Scientific”- Singapore-New Jersey-London-Hong Kong.-1992.-504 P.

18.Statgraphics.-User’s guide-1987.- vol.1-6.

19.Surani M.A. Genomic imprinting: Control of gene expression by epigenetic inheritance // Current Opinion in Cell Biology.-1994.- v.6.- N3.- p. 390-395.

20.Webb Si. Nonlinear phenomena in bioenergetics and oncology as seen in 25 years of research with millimeter microwaves and Raman spectroscopy II Nonlinear Electrodynamics in Biological Systems. Ed. by Adey W.R. & Lawrence A.F.-Plenum Press, London-New York.-1984.-p.549-567

21.Weisman A. The Germ Plasm: A Theory of Heredity, Scott Publishing, London.

22.Wever RA. The electromagnetic environment and the circadian rhythms of human subjects • 11 Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields. Ed. by Grandolfo M., Michaelson S.M., Rindi A. —Plenum Press, New York & London.–1985. -p.514

Prospective randomised study to check the results of treatment using endogenous electromagnetic fields, in the case of slight liver cell damage

Key words: Summary^.

(“9

Introduction

The fundamental question of how a living organism such as a human being, which is composed of an astronomical number of cells, is able to coordinate BICOM optima®l function and above all the entire life cycle (cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, etc.) of each individual cell in such a way that the integrity of the overall system is retained, is as old as science itself

The currently generally accepted model assumes that appropriate effector/receptor interactions and the microbiological processes triggered by these, at all organisational levels, can adequately explain the phenomenon known as life.

As a result, allopathic drug-based treatments are also based on the assumption that a therapeutic substance can only act via the active substance/receptor interaction described above.

The at least theoretically possible, contribution of energetic reaction systems to the coordination of biological processes, e.g. in the sense of cell communication based on biophotOns, remains largely ignored in biochemical models.

Although important diagnostic methods are based on the electromagnetic and thus

energetic properties of living organisms, such as e.g. EEC, ECG, EMG, electromagnetic fields have been used hitherto only for the fixing of pseudoarthrosis affected bone fractures (refs. 1, 2), for treating certain forms of epilepsy (refs. 3, 4, 5)

and in some approaches to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (ref 6).

This situation is very remarkable since there are now very extensive experimental results available which, on the one hand, prove the physiological basis of an approach to the phenomenon of illness which is based on natural philosophy and, on the other hand, the connection between the energetic regulatory systems postulated in this approach and the electromagnetic properties of a very wide variety of organisms, using the methods of Western natural science (refs. 7, 8, 9).

In addition to the classical energetic methods of treatment, such as acupuncture and

i=1

homeopathy, treatment using endogenous (the patient’s own) electromagnetic fields has become established in the past 20 years, in particular in the area of complementary medicine. The basis for an understanding of bioresonance therapy (BRT) is the assumption that the alternating electromagnetic fields (EMFs) which are detectably emitted by living organisms (refs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) and are characterised by intensity

1″9 (amplitude) and frequency contain biologically significant information which is used
for communication between cells, tissues and organs.

Furthermore, if it is assumed that the start of any disease is evident in a change in energetic reaction systems long before the occurrence of pathophysiological changes, then the back-coupling of endogenous EMFs and the interference phenomena resulting therefrom should, at least temporarily, eliminate the effect of defective cell communication systems. A diseased organism thus becomes able to re-adjust its own energetic regulatory system within the context of self-healing.

However, currently there is no comprehensive, convincing, and numerically reproducible, theoretical model of bioresonance. In addition, there are fundamental considerations which make it questionable whether this will ever be possible using the principles of classical physics. Highly promising quantum physical descriptive models are still at the discussion stage (refs. 15, 16, 17).

The aim of the present trial was therefore to check, using a defined clinical picture, whether measurable changes in biochemical parameters could be induced by bioresonance treatment. A group of patients with chronic liver disease was selected for this purpose and the target criterion was a reduction in the activity of enzymatic indicators of liver damage (GOT, GPT, gamma-GT) in the blood of treated patients as compared with a non-treated control group.

Functional disorders of the liver, as the most important metabolic, blood storing and detoxifying organ, can greatly impair the general condition of health of a patient.

‘1. Patients and methods

This was intended to be a prospective, randomised, controlled, two-pronged therapy study. 28 patients were involved in the study. All were recruited, nursed and treated in a medical practice. All the patients had chronic liver damage which had been recognised for at least a year and had not been treated with drugs.

Criteria for inclusion

At least two elevated liver enzymes (GOT, GPT, gamma-GT). The elevated liver values were measured at least twice at an interval of 4 weeks.

No previous treatment for liver cell damage. Exclusion criteria

Cirrhosis of the liver, acute hepatitis, autoimmune diseases, existing alcohol abuse, chemotherapy.

Randomisation and creation of the code lists were performed by the Out-patient’s department for naturopathy at the Carstens Foundation in Heidelberg. 14 patients were allocated to the therapy group, 14 patients to the control group. The following tests were performed on all the patients: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, coarse blood count, determination of GOT, GPT and gamma-GT; hepatitis serology A, B, C; antinuclear factors; palpation of the abdomen and liver; ultrasound scanning of the upper abdomen.

The main criterion used to detect the efficacy of BRT treatment was the lowering of GPT activity by at least one third after two weeks of treatment. GOT and gamma-GT activities were used as secondary criteria , as well as an improvement in subjective state of health.

After accepting the patients as part of the study, the examining doctor led a detailed discussion about health, stress factors and dietary habits. All the participants were recommended to eat less animal protein and less sugar. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the patients were summoned back for blood tests and for more discussions with the doctor. The initial discussion lasted about 45 minutes, the follow-up discussions about 30 minutes and there was no difference in subject matter between the two groups. Following the blood tests, the patients in the therapy group were subjected to bioresonance therapy performed by the doctor’s assistant.

1.1. Bioresonance therapy

The BICOM instrument manufactured by Regumed GmbH, Grafeling was used for the treatment. In essence, this consists of an electronic amplifier which electronically modifies the changes in potential picked up via the main applicators and returns them to the patient via the same output applicators. The instrument generally operates in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 150 kHz. The manufacturer provides 300 fixed settings, programmed into the machine and called up by programme numbers, which can be individually adapted and combined to suit the patient’s situation, after energetic testing and diagnosis by a doctor. As can be seen from the circuit diagram in the figure below, five different types of therapy can be set.

Figure BICOM circuit diagram

The bandpass can be varied in the following ways:

a) A fixed, narrow bandpass, which is centred round a middle frequency with an

upper and lower tolerance of +1- 3.5%.

b) A wobbling bandpass: The narrow bandpass wobbles about the freely adjustable middle frequency.
c) A sweeping bandpass: The narrow bandpass sweeps the entire frequency band, in steps, from 10 Hz to

150 kHz at a rate which may vary from 3 to 180 seconds per sweep.

d) All frequencies:

The narrow bandpass is switched off and the entire frequency band is transferred.

The amplitudes of the adjustable bandpasses may be increased by up to 64 times, or reduced to a minimum of 0.025.

In the first stage, basic programme number 102 was used (type of therapy Ai / amplification 18 / frequency sweep for bandpass, 18 seconds rate of sweep / therapy time 5 minutes). This treatment is intended to improve the basic energetic condition of a patient.

Then the patient was treated with programme number 201 “Iymphs, chronic degenerative” (type of therapy H+Di / middle frequency 680 Hz / amplification of H fraction 4, and if Di fraction 0.5, wobbling / therapy time 4 minutes). This treatment is intended to improve the detoxification capacity due to stimulation of the lymphatic flow.

Then an attempt to have a positive effect on the intestinal flora was made using programme number 561 “intestinal treatment” (type of therapy, H+Di / middle frequency 10 Hz, wobbling / amplification of H fraction 4, of Di fraction 0.05 / therapy time 3 minutes).

For support during this treatment, a magnetic articulated probe was laid on the solar plexus of the patient and an additional output applicator was placed in the region of the lower lumbar spinal column.

Finally, the liver reflex area of the patient was stroked using an applicator in the form of a metal double roller. During this treatment, the patient’s feet were placed on metal plate applicators which were connected to the output of the instrument.

The total duration of treatment was 22 minutes.

1.2. Enzyme diagnosis for assessing the integrity of liver cells

_A,,, The following enzymes were used as indicators of liver cell damage:

glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT), in cytoplasm

(4.1. glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase (GOT), in cytoplasm and mitochondria

gamma-glutamyl-transferase (y-GT), membrane-bonded
The enzymes GPT and gamma-GT are regarded as being liver-specific. The

simultaneous determination of GOT activity enables an estimate of the extent of liver cell damage by calculating the De Ritis quotient GOT / GPT.

For slight liver damage, GOT / GPT < 1.

Blood samples from patients were tested in the Dr Schottdorf Laboratory, Augsburg

1•11 during the entire period of the study. GOT and GPT activities were determined using
the optimised standard methods of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. Gamma-GT activity was determined using Szasz’s method (ref ). The test results were sent simultaneously to the practice and to the Institute for Biometry and Study

Evaluation idv, Gauting, Munich, from the Dr Schottdorf Laboratory.

f—T

1.3. Statistical methods

foTh Since this was an exploratory study, the results obtained have to be checked in further

tests. Therefore the questions are not focused. Several hypotheses were tested statistically, without adjustment to a multiple alpha for the study. Nevertheless, as usual, data can be said to be significant when p < 0.05. The data, however, can be interpreted only in a descriptive manner A simple comparison of the statistical characteristics was undertaken in order to check the comparability of the two groups,

using the demographic data and baseline data for the efficacy criteria.

Wei-Lachin’s method for criteria pooling (ref 18) was used as the main test for the

Ca, criteria relating to activity values of the enzymatic indicators for liver damage (GOT,
GPT, gamma-GT), this enabling differences between the two groups in weeks 4, 8 and 12 for the individual criteria and also for all the criteria and times to be represented in summary form. The criteria-pooling method is a directional test (all criteria with the same direction being pooled), or a test on stochastically ordered alternatives within the

context of the generalised Wicoxon-Mann-Whitney method in accordance with Wei-

r—,

Lachin. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for the criteria relating to success

of the therapy. A symmetry test was used to detect normalisation of the transaminase values. The Mann-Whitney value (MW) was used to detect the relevance of the effect of therapy and the size of the effect. These values indicate the probability that a randomly selected patient from one group produces a better therapy result than a randomly selected patient from the other group (ref 19).

The following were used for evaluation purposes:

MW P(X<Y) + 0.5 P(X=Y): 0.50 = identical

0.56 = small effect

0.64 = moderate effect 0.71 = large effect

In the symmetry test, the identity coefficient omega was used as the measure of relevance.

The following applied when evaluating relevance here: omega² = 0.01 = small

= 0.10 = moderate = 0.25 = large

Results

There were no statistical differences between the therapy and the control group with regard to distribution of the sexes, age structure, height and weight (table 1). In each group there was only one patient who had a risk occupation and had therefore had contact with substances which might be toxic to the liver. In the therapy group, one patient smoked, in the control group three patients smoked. A total of three patients said they drank alcohol, but very rarely. Positive hepatitis serology was noted in five patients in the therapy group and seven patients in the control group. In two other patients in the therapy group, liver problems had already started, after suffering a severe, non-specific infection. Two patients in each group exhibited a condition following cholelithiasis or pancreatitis. In three patients in the therapy group and four patients in the control group, the source of liver cell damage was still unclear. No antinuclear factors could be detected in any of the patients.

Ultrasound scanning and palpation revealed nothing untoward with the liver in the majority of cases. Changes (enlargement, breaking up, hardening) were diagnosed in four patients in the therapy group and five patients in the control group. The subjective clinical pictures are given in table 2. The most frequently cited problems in both

groups were sleep disorders, tiredness, feeling weak and exhaustion. The next most frequently cited problems in the therapy group were soft tissue rheumatic disorders and abdominal symptoms; in the control group, problems with concentrating and disorders of the circulation. Slightly more problems were mentioned by patients in the therapy group than patients in the control group (36 to 29).

At the start of the course of therapy, no statistically significant difference in the

activity values of the enzymatic indicators of liver cell damage tested could be detected between the two groups (tables, 3, 4 and 5, baseline columns)

Change in GOT value

Table 3 gives the GOT values determined experimentally after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, as compared with those for the untreated controls. Experimental values which exceed the upper normal value are marked with a > symbol. A graphical representation of the GOT values (median with confidence interval) is shown in figures IA (BICOM group) and 1B (controls). It can be seen that the median and the upper confidence interval for the BICOM group after completion of treatment (12 weeks)

lies within the normal range for GOT activities. The control group does not exhibit any normalisation of GOT values at all. The average percentage decrease in GOT activity in the BICOM group was 42% after 12 weeks as compared with a 4% decrease after 12 weeks in the control group.

Change in GPT value

Table 4 gives the experimental GPT values after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. A graphical representation of the GPT values is shown in figures 2A (BICOM group) and 2B (controls). The median for the BICOM group after 12 weeks’ treatment lies within the normal range. The control group did not exhibit any normalisation of GOT values. The average percentage decrease in GOT activity in the BICOM group was 50% after 12 weeks’ treatment as compared with a 5% decrease in the control group.

Change in the gamma-GT value

Table 5 gives the gamma-GT values determined experimentally after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. A graphical representation of the gamma-GT values (median and confidence interval) is shown in figures 3A (BICOM group) and 3B (controls). The gamma-GT values also reached the normal range after 12 weeks’ treatment (BICOM group). On the other hand, the values for the controls remained virtually unchanged. The average percentage decrease in gamma-GT activity in the BICOM group was 38% after 12 weeks’. In the control group, a decrease in gamma-GT activity of only 7% was observed.

Discussion

The low degree of acceptance of holistic methods of therapy from the point ofview of medicine based on natural science is based essentially on two points:

Intellectual models and sometimes extremely philosophically expressed concepts of the phenomena of living and illness are apparently incompatible with the findings of natural science and above all of physics.
Placebo-controlled clinical studies aimed at proving the efficacy ofholistic methods of therapy have been initiated only very recently and are not yet complete, apart from one study proving the efficacy of homeopathic treatments (metaanalysis) (ref. ).

As for the first point, it has to be noted that the experimental proof of the existence of a data transfer system between cells and tissues based on electromagnetic waves has been demonstrated in a large number of studies (ref. ). According to these, many different, probably all, living biological systems are capable of emitting, receiving and storing electromagnetic signals up to the region of visible light (refs. 20, 21, 22, 23).

Currently, a number of explanatory models for bioresonance phenomena are being discussed in the scientific literature. All the serious models are based on the findings of quantum physics and so-called chaos theory. A presentation of these topics would be far beyond the scope of this paper, so any interested readers should refer to the relevant specialist literature (refs. 24, 25).

The test presented here is therefore intended to contribute to an empirical proof of the efficacy of BRT. In the group of patients with slight liver cell damage (de Ritis quotient for all participants was less than 1), the effects of therapy using BICOM resonance has been demonstrated by determining three enzymatic indicators for liver cell damage. Even considering only the raw data on activity determinations for GOT, GPT and gamma-GT, a drastic decrease in the activity values due to BRT treatment is quite obvious. The average percentage decreases in GOT, GPT and gamma-GT values were 42%, 50% and 38%, with respect to the activity values before treatment. In the control group, these values were 4%, 5% and 7% respectively.

The geometric averages for the degree of improvement for the test parameter GOT activity was 45% (controls 5%) and for GPT activity was 55% (controls showed slight deterioration) while for gamma-GT activity the degree of improvement was 45% (controls, slight deterioration).

The symmetry test showed that, with regard to GOT activity, normalisation as compared with the baseline had occurred after 12 weeks in 64% of patients in the treatment group. No improvement could be detected in 29% of patients in this group. The symmetry test produced no change in the control group.

For GPT activity, normalisation as compared with the baseline was produced in 71% of patients in the treatment group (29% no improvement) in the symmetry test. In the control group, no decrease in elevated GPT values occurred in 91% of the patients, in fact 7% exhibited deterioration.

For gamma-GT values, the symmetry test showed normalisation in 29% of patients in the treatment group as compared with the baseline (initial values). In 50% of patients, no improvement in elevated gamma-GT activities was observed. In the control group, no change was observed.

With regard to the three parameters tested, both the P values and also the relevance measure, omega², indicated high effectiveness for the BICOM treatment (tables 1-5).

The experimental findings demonstrate quite clearly that treatment of slight liver cell damage with endogenous fields in the frequency range 10 Hz to 150 kHz can bring about the reconstitution of damaged liver cells.

References

[See original German text]

0.1

AN*

Table 1: Clinical variables of 28 patients, of which 14 were treated with BICOM and 14 made up the control group

Clinical variables	Therapy group	Control group	Significance P
Sex male	6 (43%)	5 (36%)	1.000
female	8	9
Age (years: med./QD/range)	45/35/16-70	45/13/34-64	0.919
Height (cm: ” ” “)	171/7/159-193	171/15/158-185	0.708
Weight (kg: ” ” “)	72/22/52-124	77/17/64-105	0.883
Occupation: housewife/pupil	5	7
salaried employee	8	6	?
at risk	1 (c)	1 (d)
Smoker		1	30.596
Alcohol now (rarely)	1	2	0.482
Alcohol/drugs (previously)	3	3	1.000
Aetiology (a)
Hepatitis serology (pos.)	5	7
Infect. non-sp. bacteria	2	0
Cond. after cholelit./pancreat.	2	2
Non-specific	3 (b)	4
Ultrasound scan + palpation of liver:		ON C•1 tN1 ,–∎
both normal	10
discrete, enlarged, broken up	3
hardened	1
round focus (haemangioma?)	0

a)= multiple allocation possible

b) = Pat. 1970 breast cancer + remote cobalt irradiation of ovaries chronically persistent hepatitis since 1985

Pat. lipometabolic problems type II

c) = HGV mechanic + hepatitis

0.• d) = printing block manufacturer + drugs + alcohol + hepatitis

Alt
Pak

aft

Table 3: Liver study BICOM® v. no treatment SGOT (_18 11/1)

BICOM®
Pat. No.	Baseline	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
15	37>	21>	19>	19>
16	30>	24>	22>	22>
17	25>	25>	11	12
18	16	9	9	9
19	24>	16	18	18
20	37>	25>	21>	7
21	21>	12	11	9
22	20>	21>	12	12
23	20>	19>	13	14
24	26>	26>	24>	20>
25	21>	17	16	9
26	20>	20>	22>	12
27	24>	16	18	17
28	28>	25>	21>	19>
Validtn.	14	14	14	14
Mean	24.9	19.7	16.9	14.2
Std. dev.	6.28	5.22	4.92	4.89
LB 95.0	21.3	16.7	14.1	11.4
UB 95.0	28.6	22.7	19.8	17.0
Median	24.0	20.5	18.0	13.0
Min	16.0	9.0	9.0	7.0
Max	37.0	26.0	24.0	22.0
No treatment
Pat. No.	Baseline	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
1	15	14	33>	16
2	18	16	18	18
3	14	15	14	13
4	35>	30>	44>	35>
5	31>	45>	44>	30>
6 .	41>	43>	28>	28>
7	11	10	10	12^.
8	30>	23>	20>	37>
9	33>	26>	22>	22>
10	14	15	12	13
11	24>	19>	21>	23>
12	32>	21>	27>	28>
13	50>	57>	29>	49>
14	34>	16	32>	37>
Validtn.	14	14	14	14
Mean	27.3	25.0	25.3	25.8
Std. dev.	11.61	13.97	10.66	11.09
LB 95.0	20.6	16.9	19.1	19.4
UB 95.0	34.0	33.1	31.5	32.2
Median	30.5	20.0	24.5	25.5
Min	11.0	10.0	10.0	12.0
Max	50.0	57.0	44.0	49.0

Table 4: Liver study BICOM® v. no treatment SGPT U/1)

BICOM®
Pat. No.	Baseline	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
15	44>	30>	28>	24
16	42>	22	20	19
17	53>	52>	24	23
18	35>	26>	24	16
19	52>	33>	30>	31>
20	76>	61>	45>	9
21	43>	17	17	6
22	32>	24	15	15
23	46>	37>	31>	28>
24	59>	49>	42>	36>
25	29>	26>	24	13
26	28>	26>	24	24
27	52>	33>	30>	33>
28	37>	26>	25>	24
Validtn.	14	14	14	14
Mean	44.9	33.0	27.1	21.5
Std. dev.	13.04	12.65	8.40	8.96
LB 95.0	37.3	25.7	22.2	16.3
UB 95.0	52.4	40.3	31.9	26.7
Median	43.5	28.0	24.5	23.5
Min	28.0	17.0	15.0	6.0
Max	76.0	61.0	45.0	36.0
No treatment
Pat. No.	Baseline	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
0 .-• es1 In •-• e4 in ^.1^– trl O I^–– oo O. —	29>	40>	90>	48>
	47>	46>	55>	52>
	23	24	25>	26>
	68>	83>	92>	63>
	58>	101>	89>	59>
	82>	91>	58>	62>
	26>	24	25>	27>
	50>	50>	45>	87>
	76>	59>	41>	43>
	33>	31>	26>	34>
	29>	28>	32>	36>
	49>	39>	42>	47>
	120>	133>	77>	126>
	92>	41>	67>	48>
Validtn.	14	14	14	14
Mean	55.9	56.4	54.6	54.1
Std. dev.	28.77	33.14	24.84	26.20
LB 95.0	39.2	37.2	40.2	38.9
UB 95.0	72.5	75.6	69.0	69.3
Median	49.5	43.5	50.0	48.0
Min	23.0	24.0	25.0	26.0
Max	120.0	133.0	92.0	126.0

Table 5: Liver study BICOM® v. no treatment Gamma-GT (..28 U/1)

BICOM®
Pat. No.	Baseline	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
15	43>	42>	34>	30>
16	259>	195>	205>	194>
17	44>	30>	29>	26
18	218>	77>	60>	63>
19	93>	41>	41>	40>
20	19	19	19	11
21	57>	13	12	13
22	79>	68>	57>	57>
23	9	9	11	11
24	30>	34>	30>	27
25	27	17	25	15
26	192>	141>	140>	144>
27	93>	41>	40>	14
28	60>	60>	54>	49>
Validtn.	14	14	14	14
Mean	87.4	56.2	54.1	49.6
Std. dev.	78.87	52.55	53.98	54.30
LB 95.0	41.6	25.7	22.8	18.1
UB 95.0	133.1	86.7	85.4	81.1
Median	58.5	41.0	37.0	28.5
Min	9.0	9.0	11.0	11.0
Max	259.0	195.0	205.0	194.0
No treatment
Pat. No.	Baseline	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
1	71>	66>	79>	73>
2	28	36>	31>	34>
3	56>	64>	52>	55>
4	12	14	11	9
5	11	11	12	9
6	14	13	16	20
7	86>	68>	73>	72>
8	120>	138>	111>	190>
9	9	9	7	10
10	31>	22	24	21
11	50>	56>	51>	59>
12	153>	234>	212>	231>
13	35>	33>	30>	35>
14	330>	220>	310>	304>
Validtn.	14	14	14	14
Mean	71.9	70.3	72.8	80.1
Std. dev.	85.94	74.77	87.30	93.01
LB 95.0	22.0	26.9	22.2	26.2
15B 95.0	121.7	113.7	123.4	134.1
Median	42.5	46.0	41.0	45.0
Min	9.0	9.0	7.0	9.0
Max	330.0	234.0	310.0	304.0

Figure lA

GOT (U/1)

Median and confidence interval BICOM®

….. Upper limit for normal range

[] confidence interval

[x] median

Vertical axis U/1

Horizontal axis No. of weeks

Fig. 1B

GOT (U/1)

Median and confidence interval Placebo

Rest as for Fig. lA

Figure 2A GPT (U/1) Median and confidence interval

BICOM®

………….. Upper limit for normal range

confidence interval

is* [x] median

Vertical axis U/1

Mit Horizontal axis No. of weeks

Fig. 2B

GPT (U/1)

Median and confidence interval Placebo

Rest as for Fig. 2A

Sal

Figure 3A

Gamma-GT (U/1)

404 Median and confidence interval

BICOM®

…………… Upper limit for normal range

[] confidence interval

[x] median

Vertical axis 11/1

Horizontal axis No. of weeks

Fig. 3B

Gamma-GT (U/1)

Median and confidence interval Placebo

Rest as for Fig. 3A

Translator’s notes

Page 6 of German test: I have translated meridian (a BRT term) as median (stats

.term); also called median on fig 1A.

Page 4, section 1.2 and p. 6 (2 places) No ref numbers are given.

List of references is incomplete. I have not typed these in.

11)1JIM1) 3 l 11

Bild 1A
GOT (U/1)
Median mit Vertrauensbereich
BICOM®

U/1

Bild 1B
GOT (U/1)
Median mit Vertrauensbereich
Placebo

U/1

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